HPAI H5N1 Virus in Dairy Cattle – What We Know
In March 2024, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1), commonly referred to as bird flu, was confirmed in domestic US livestock for the first time in a dairy operation in Texas. Since then, the virus has spread to 1,080 dairy operations across 18 states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming.
Since the initial outbreak, cases in dairy cattle have declined significantly, though USDA confirmed two new cases in September 2025. Government agencies continue to emphasize that the national food supply is safe...
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